Kerr in 1782 classification of lac insect phylum arthropoda class insecta order hemiptera family kerriidae genus kerria species. Paper open access traditional cultivation of laccifer. Discovery of lac insects laccifer lacca opens new era of integrated rural development in jammu. Later green 1922 and chatterjee 1915 called the ac insect as tachardia lacca kerr. Weber was taken from the forbes reference collection of.
Laccifer lacca insects included in the order hemiptera, family tachardiidae kerriidae, and insects included in this order are characterized by the mandible and maxillae modified into stylet, covered in labium modified to form beaks or rostrum. This species is perhaps the most commercially important lac insect, being a main source of lac, a resin which can be refined into shellac and other products. The main constituents of these extracts are two anthocyanins, delphinidin3sambubioside and cyanidin3sambubioside, and anthraquinones in the form of laccaic acids. An innovative surfaceenhanced raman spectroscopy sers. India rainfall during the retreating monsoon britannica. The first scientific account of the lac insect was given by j. The effect of metal mordantats at different mordant concentration levels on their colour strength was also investigated. Entomology questions daily quizzes sugarcane questions agricultural study quiz questions agriculture courses, assistant agriculture officer. These insects feed on the saps of host trees, such as kul, sissoo, peepal, palash etc. If you learn visually, reading along with the pdf will be helpful. A number of species of lac insects are known, of this laccifer lacca is by far the most important and produces the bulk of the lac for commerce. Part of the mouth specifically modified to pierce plant tissue and suck up liquid 1. Share your knowledge share your word file share your pdf file share your ppt file.
The latter two resinsrosins are restricted to use on citrus, however. In 1982, the genus laccifer was synonymized with kerria and this has generally been accepted in accordance with taxonomic studies in india varshney 1976. Lac is the resinous secretion of a number of species of lac insects, of which the most commonly cultivated is kerria lacca cultivation begins when a farmer gets a stick that contains eggs ready to hatch and ties it to the tree to be infested. Tropical broadleaved evergreen and mixed, partially evergreen forests grow in areas with high precipitation. Jun 04, 2016 so in the interest of disseminating accurate information and setting the record straight, i offer you the straight dope on shellac varnish for collodion plates, supported by proper documentation and evidence rather than merely asserted by bloviating unfounded opinion. Of the many species of lac insect, laccifer lacca, tachardia lacca is the commercially cultured lac insect. There are six genera of lac insects, of which five secrete lac and only one, i. Identification of the substancemixture and of the companyundertaking. Convert and create pdf from various types of files like word doc, excel xls, powerpoint ppt. Almost all physicians mentioned the medicinal properties and. A number of species of lac insects are known, of this laccifer lacca is by far the most important. The flora of india largely reflect the countrys distribution of rainfall. The fresh collections in china were compared with k.
Comparison of stability of red colorants from natural sources. Laccifer lacca kerr family coccidae insects secrete resin on bark lac host and protect themselves into the adult stage by forming cocoons. These four laccaic acids contain a structure of phenolconjugated anthraquinone, and the side chain linked to the phenol part specify each type of laccaic acid. Botanical description it is a mediumsized to large deciduous or nearly evergreen tree, up to 40 m in height, and 23. Lac dye, made from laccifer lacca secretion, was obtained from kremer pigments inc 36020. The life history of the lac insect begins when two hundred to five hundred larvae emerge from their mother and swarm over the branches of a host tree, usually a kusum, palas, ber, or peepal tree. We welcome the readers of van sangyan to write to us about their views and issues in forestry. Pdf on dec 6, 2019, f kadha and others published traditional cultivation of laccifer lacca kerr.
A potent anticancer agent from laccifer lacca kerr article pdf available in indian journal of traditional knowledge 184. Lac raw powder is a red dye from the scale insect laccifer lacca which is found throughout india, south east asia, nepal, burma, bhutan and south china. Time tested safe and effect oriented drugs in unani medicine. Recent advances in the use of animalsourced gelatine as. Van duyne1 and francesca casadio2 1 department of chemistry, northwestern university, 2145 sheridan rd. The alimentary canal, its appendages, salivary glands and.
Laksha is a kind of resin that is produced when the laccifer lacca lac beetle makes its home in ficus, palas, kusum schleichera oleosa and ber ziziphus mauritiana trees. Lac extract is a red dye extract from the scale insect laccifer lacca which is found throughout india, south east asia, nepal, burma, bhutan and south china. Easily share your publications and get them in front of issuus. Shellac is a resin secreted by an insect called the lac bug laccifer lacca kerr coccidae. Knowledge regarding the lac insect kerria lacca in india is very ancient, and today india is leading producer of lac, which has several applications in various products that favor modern mans consumption trend.
These mp3 files are especially good to put on your mp3 player so you can listen in the car. The outermost dry papery skins of onion are the best source of the color, which contain flavonoid quercetol, kaempferol, quercetin3glucoside and some tannin. Pdf traditional cultivation of laccifer lacca kerr. The % yields of roselle and lac from the extraction. Silk fabric was dyed with the colourant extracted from laccifer lacca kerr.
On the internal anatomy of the male lac insect, laccifer lacca kerr homoptera, coccidze awadh behari misra d. An exception to that rule occurs along the southeastern coast of india and for some distance inland. Page 1 of 6 shellac flakes cas no 9000593 material safety data sheet sdsmsds section 1. Dye colour is similar to cochineal reds, burgundys, deep purples, scarlets and crimsons. Shellac resin, secreted by the insect laccifer lacca found in india. Almost all physicians mentioned the medicinal properties and its therapeutic uses in their books and treatise, so. Thousands of lac insects colonize the branches of the host trees and secrete the resinous pigment. It is widely used material in food and pharmaceutical fields as coating, glazing, and film forming agent 14, 15.
Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. Because of its compatibility with most waxes, shellac can be incorporated into wax formulations and contributes higher gloss baldwin et al. Lac insects live on various tropical plants, such as schleichera oleosa sapindaceae and cajanus cajan fabaceae, but their most preferred host is butea. Kerria lacca family lacciferidae coccidae resinous protective secretion coating agent in tablets, microencapsulation, control release preparation, in cosmetics binding agent for lipstick, lacquers, nail polishes, eye shadows. The lac insect, kerria laccifer lacca kerr belongs to the order hemiptera. Enhancement of bloody fingerprints on nonporous surfaces. In food for preparations of chocolates, lozenges, coffee beans. Purple disodium salt, sea snail product or coal tar, laccifer lacca bug carcass violet disodium salt, sea snail product or coal tar, sapan plant pink disodium salt, sapan plant yellow coal tar 4, turmeric or butea monosperma plant light green sea snail product or coal tar, coal tar 1, turmeric. Eurl evaluation report on the analytical methods submitted. The lac insects live in cavities or cells made in the resin or lac secreted by them on their host plant. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The applicant states that the purity criteria set in the commission directive 200884ec for shellac as food additive are applicable also for the same product as a feed additive 2. Laksha learn about a great herb for healing the nerves.
It is the secretion of a beetle, and is the raw material used to make shellac. Kerria lacca feeding behavior stylets salivary sheath labium penetration abstract hitherto less known aspects on mouthpart morphology and penetration mechanism of the lac insect kerria lacca have been explored. The phytophagous lac insect, kerria lacca tachardiidae. Coatings and other supplemental treatments to maintain. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Details a supplementary list of the host plants of lac. Lac resin is a complex straight chain hydroxyl fatty acids such as butolic acid, aleuritic acid, jalaric acid, shellolic acid, laccishellolic acid etc having c14 to c18 carbon chain. Reassuring livelihood functions of the forests to their dependents. The females are globular in form and live on twigs in cells of resin created by exudations of lac. Lac is generally obtained by crushing, sieving and washing of sticklac. It is found in tropical or subtropical regions on banyan and other plants.
Research on paddry dyeing and ultraviolet protection of. The main constituents are derivatives of anthraquinone, named laccaic acid a, b, c, and e. Orange shellac unbleached agricultural marketing service. Only the female bug produces lac and intake one lakh bugs to make 500gm of lac. Ty jour ti a supplementary list of the host plants of lac insects laccifer lacca t2 the journal of the bombay natural history society. Status of two species of lac insects in the genus kerria from china. Comparison of stability of red colorants from natural.
Kerria lacca is a species of insect in the family kerriidae, the lac insects. India and thailand are the major producers, producing on average 1700 tonnes of lac each year, followed by china. The straight dope on shellac varnish for collodion plates. The larvae of the lac insect, laccifer lacca kerr, swarm around the branches and twigs of. Identification and characterization of artists red dyes and. Methods of processing of lac laccifer lacca kerr described. Pdf reassuring livelihood functions of the forests to their. Article full text enhanced pdf format, 74752 bytes. It is also unique material in as much as it is the only resin of animal origin, beingactually the secretion of a tiny insect, laccifer lacca. It is often unclear as to whether the insect is killed in the process of commercially obtaining shellac as the resin is left by the insect on various plants. The feed additive is intended to be incorporated directly into feedingstuffs or through.
Epas registered antimicrobial products for use against novel coronavirus sarscov2, the cause of covid19 author. On the anatomy of the larva of laccifer lacca, kerr hem. Furthermore, laccaic acida was identified from ea of laccifer lacca. When the retreating monsoon blows from the northeast across the bay of bengal, it picks up a significant amount of moisture, which is. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Luk laccifer lacca is one of the most valuable gifts of nature to man.
In conclusion, our results suggested being the first report for isolation of laccaic acida from laccifer lacca. On the postembryonic development of the female lac insect. Pdf rearing of lac insects for cultivation of lac and its processing. Hemi ptera secretes true lac, the only resinous compound of animal origin having an immense. Dye yield is similar to cochineal reds, burgundys, deep purples, scarlets and crimsons. The alimentary canal, its appendages, salivary glands and the nervous system of the adult female lac insect, laccifer lacca, kerr coccidae volume 25 issue 4 p. Those who wish to share their knowledge and experiences can send them. A large pest complex co mprising mainly of p redatory and parasitic insects are associated with lac insects.
On the postembryonic development of the female lac insect, laccifer lacca, kerr hemcoccidae volume 21 issue 4 awadh behari misra. Craft documentation of craft of jaipur lac bangles by. It is a resinous secretion from a scale insect called laccifer lacca kerr as a. Sigmaaldrich corporation and its affiliates shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. Feb 11, 2019 a laccifer lacca b nosema bombycis c attacus ricini. Rearing of lac insects for commercial production of the lac is called as lac culture. Silk fabrics dyed with laccifer lacca extract showed a light pink shade, while those dyed with alum and stannous chloride produces pinkishred. Hence it is important to know t diversified uses in medicaments as well as in commercial industries. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. These are in the superfamily coccoidea, the scale insects.
May 05, 2015 shellac wax is purified from the secretion of lac insect, laccifer lacca. Lac lac is a natural resin secreted by an insect known as the lac beetle or the laccifer lacca. Effect of ferrous sulfate to improve uvprotection property of cotton fabric dyed with natural indigo. The art of rearing lac insects for lac production is called lac. Pdf converter is a online webbased document to pdf converter software. Fruit waxes as a rule contain cyclic compounds of the triterpinoid type.
A secretion of lac scale insect laccifer lacca kerr has been used for extraction of lac color, an orange or a red color. Lac insects live on various tropical plants, such as schleichera oleosa sapindaceae and cajanus cajan fabaceae, but their most preferred host is. Government research scholar, department of zoology, lucknow university, india. The indian lac insect laccifer lacca is important commercially. Introduction it is well known fact that the various medicinal plants describe in unani medicine play a vital role against range of diseases. Much of india experiences infrequent and relatively feeble precipitation during the retreating monsoon. Allium cepa, lac laccifer lacca and turmeric curcuma longa and to evalu ate the fastness properties of the dyed substrates dyed with the same. The pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic or morphological characters, macroscopic studies, physicochemical evaluation, phytochemical screening and fluorescence analysis of powdered crude drug were carried out. Lac is the scarlet resinous secretion of a number of species of lac insects, of which the most commonly cultivated species is kerria lacca and laccifer lacca india. India india rainfall during the retreating monsoon. Lac natural dye is a red color product obtained from female insect coccus laccae laccifer lacca kerr.
Luk laccifer lacca kerr is an animal origin drug with possible contraceptive properties. Entomology questions daily quiz 142 agri exam study. Sulfate to improve uvprotection property of cotton. Eurl evaluation report on the analytical methods submitted in. Foxit software is the reliable source for fast, affordable, and secure pdf solutions. Mar 05, 2014 shellac is back in abundant supply at rockler three new varieties mark the end of recent shellac shortage medina, mn march 6, 2014 after experiencing several years of weatherrelated shortages of the raw material used to make shellac, supplies are making a comeback, and rockler woodworking and. Chemically, it is composed of a complex mixture of polar and nonpolar components consisting of long chain fatty acids, wax esters, fatty alcohols, and. Pdf discovery of lac insects laccifer lacca opens new. Anzar alam 1, zaheer ahmed and qamri ma2 1department of moalajat medicine, national institute of unani medicine nium, bangalore, 560091, india 2national institute of unani medicine nium, bangalore, 560091, india abstract. Mouthparts and stylet penetration of the lac insect kerria lacca kerr. We characterized the isolated compound be uv, ir, nmr and mass spectrometry. Herbs as a whole or their extracts have significant medicinal values1. Adoption of collaborative forest management system over joint forest management regime in india n. In animals, waxes cover the surfaces of hair, wool and feathers.
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